Disperse to Survive: The Logic of French Forward Deterrence (warontherocks.com)

• Introduction of the 'dissuasion avancée' (forward deterrence) doctrine.
• Strategic shift towards cross-border deployment of French nuclear air assets.
• Focus on spatial dispersion to enhance survival and strike resilience.

"French President Emmanuel Macron has announced a new 'forward deterrence' doctrine, proposing for the first time the deployment of French Strategic Air Forces across allied European nations. Drawing a parallel to the survival logic of nuclear-armed submarines, the policy aims to physically disperse nuclear assets across the continent to complicate adversary targeting and ensure retaliatory capacity. This move signals a significant evolution in European defense posture, aiming to bolster collective security and move beyond purely national nuclear control."