France's New Doctrine of Forward Nuclear Deterrence (warontherocks.com)

• Introduction of 'forward deterrence' doctrine.
• Offer to host strategic air assets in allied nations.
• Emphasis on asset dispersion for survival.

"President Macron has unveiled a new nuclear deterrence doctrine, offering for the first time to deploy French strategic air forces across European territory. By dispersing nuclear assets, France aims to replicate the survivability of its submarine fleet, countering potential pre-emptive strikes and enhancing the collective European security posture. This pivot represents a significant shift toward continental strategic depth, marking a departure from purely sovereign territorial defense."