Brexit: UK GDP Loss of 6-8% by 2025, Trade Barriers Persist (eco.sapo.pt)

• UK GDP 6-8% lower due to Brexit by 2025
• Investment down 12-13%, productivity down 3-4%
• Trade growth underperforming comparable economies
• UK-EU rapprochement delayed by Starmer resignation

"Ten years after the referendum, a November 2025 NBER study shows UK GDP 6-8% lower than without Brexit. Investment fell 12-13%, productivity 3-4%. Non-tariff barriers and uncertainty continue to hamper trade. The UK-EU rapprochement stalled after PM Starmer's resignation. Portugal acts as a bilateral anchor."