Europe risks fuel shortages in wartime, new HCSS report warns (hcss.nl)

• Structural mismatch between energy supply and military demand
• Declining European refining capacity reduces crisis resilience
• Slow progress on alternative fuels worsens supply risks
• Import dependence increases exposure to geopolitical disruptions

"A new HCSS report warns that Europe faces significant fuel shortages in the event of a large-scale conflict. The study by Irina Patrahau, Ron Stoop and Lucia van Geuns highlights a structural mismatch between energy supply and military demand. Declining domestic refining capacity and slow development of alternative fuels reduce Europe's ability to respond to sudden surges in military consumption. Dependence on imported fuels increases exposure to global disruptions and geopolitical shocks."