EU Cybersecurity Act amendment: Ban on Huawei and ZTE could cost European operators up to €40 billion (heise.de)

• GSMA study estimates direct replacement costs at €30-40 billion, four times EU Commission estimate
• Long-term price increases from reduced competition could reach €24 billion by 2035
• Operators warn of risks to network stability, energy efficiency, and digital rollout targets

"A GSMA study commissioned by seven European telecom operators estimates that replacing equipment from high-risk vendors like Huawei and ZTE would cost €30-40 billion, four times the European Commission's estimate. The study uses gross costs; critics note normal replacement cycles are excluded. Long-term price increases due to reduced competition could add €24 billion by 2035."