Zaragoza uses Ebro aquifer for geothermal heating and cooling for 30 years (xataka.com)

• 60 geothermal installations in Zaragoza with 110 MW thermal capacity.
• THERMAL method saves over €7,500/installation and 15 t CO₂ annually.
• Aquifer temperature stable at 18 °C, independent of external conditions.

"For nearly three decades, Zaragoza (Spain) has been using a shallow aquifer connected to the Ebro River for geothermal heating and cooling. The IGME-CSIC has presented the THERMAL method, which coordinates existing heat pumps to achieve savings of over €7,500 per installation per year and avoid nearly 15 tonnes of CO₂ emissions. The aquifer maintains a stable 18 °C year-round, improving efficiency. The model aims to be exported to other European cities."