United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) – Treaty Text (un.org)

• Territorial sea up to 12 nm, contiguous zone up to 24 nm
• Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) up to 200 nm with resource sovereignty
• Passage rights: innocent passage and transit passage through straits

"The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is the foundational international treaty defining maritime zones, navigational rights, and resource governance. It establishes territorial seas (12 nm), contiguous zones (24 nm), exclusive economic zones (200 nm), continental shelf rights, and high seas freedoms. It covers passage regimes including innocent passage and transit passage through straits. The treaty also addresses archipelagic states, submarine cables, pollution, marine scientific research, and dispute settlement."