US 'direct return' doctrine prioritizes American business interests in the Western Balkans (ecfr.eu)

• US shifts Western Balkans policy from institution-building to 'direct return' for US firms.
• Pipeline deal in Bosnia awarded to inexperienced US firm after sanctions lifted on pro-MAGA politician.
• Europe urged to gain veto over US commercial deals to safeguard Dayton peace agreement.

"The Trump administration in May 2026 announced a new policy for the Western Balkans prioritizing 'direct return' for American companies over institution-building. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, this led to sanctions being lifted on a pro-MAGA politician, a gas pipeline concession awarded to an inexperienced US firm, and the forced resignation of the High Representative. In Serbia, the US has wavered on allowing the Hungarian MOL to buy the Russian-owned Nis oil refinery. The article, by former US diplomat Jim O'Brien, argues Europe must secure a veto over such deals to protect the Dayton peace."