Elite theory ten years after Brexit: Why elites still rule (legrandcontinent.eu)

• Italian elite theorists Mosca, Pareto, and Michels provide a framework to understand Brexit and Trump.
• EU described as a 'fox' project; continental right now seeks internal transformation, not exit.
• Dynamic democracy means perpetual elite challenge through movements and elite defections.

"Ten years after the Brexit vote, political theorist Hugo Drochon applies Italian elite theory (Mosca, Pareto, Michels) to explain why elites continue to dominate despite populist revolts. The EU, a 'fox' project, faces internal capture by 'lions' rather than exits. Drochon proposes 'dynamic democracy' as perpetual challenge by rising elites."