European leadership in defence after the NATO Ankara summit (iss.europa.eu)

• NDPP still assumes 30% US capability contribution by 2032, increasingly unrealistic.
• Europe needs a complementary defence planning mechanism and more European commanders in NATO.
• Proposal to revive Eurogroup and integrate non-EU allies into EU defence discussions.

"The NATO summit in Ankara has not altered the fundamental trajectory of European security: the US is incrementally withdrawing capabilities, European confidence in US commitments is falling, and Europeans must plan to deter Russia on their own. The current NATO Defence Planning Process (NDPP) still assumes a 30% US contribution by 2032, which is unrealistic. Europeans need a complementary planning mechanism, more European officers in NATO command structures, and stronger political coordination, including a revived Eurogroup and closer ties with non-EU allies like the UK, Norway, and Ukraine."