China's Export Control Framework: Strategic Economic Weaponization (sipri.org)

• Transition from administrative oversight to strategic coercion.
• Targeted restrictions on critical materials and dual-use tech.
• Counter-containment strategy aimed at preserving industrial sovereignty.

"China has recalibrated its export control framework to function as a tool for geopolitical leverage rather than purely regulatory compliance. By restricting access to critical raw materials and frontier technologies, Beijing is strengthening its strategic autonomy while counteracting Western containment policies. This evolution highlights a move towards using supply chain dependencies as a primary instrument of statecraft, challenging global market access and established international trade norms."