US Withdrawal from JCPOA and Its Impact on Iran-China Energy Relations (defence24.com)

• US JCPOA withdrawal in 2018 halved Iran's oil exports and devalued its currency.
• Iran deepened ties with China to offset economic sanctions.
• China-Iran partnership limited by secondary sanctions and geopolitical factors.

"The US withdrawal from the JCPOA in 2018 and subsequent sanctions halved Iran's oil exports, devalued its currency, and increased inflation. Iran sought closer ties with China to mitigate economic fallout. Despite China's financial assets and strategic interests, the partnership is constrained by secondary sanctions and geopolitical complexities. This asymmetric alliance, if weakened, underscores the delicate balance of power and economic interests in the region."