Adapting to Uncertainty in the Strait of Hormuz (warontherocks.com)

• Iran effectively closed the Strait of Hormuz in response to U.S. and Israeli strikes.
• Post-negotiations, shipping traffic has increased but remains below pre-war levels.
• Gulf states are accelerating diversification: new pipeline to Fujairah, land routes.
• Saudi Arabia invests in Neom as an industrial hub and deepwater port.
• Overseas investments in oil storage and upstream partnerships are rising.

"Iran's threats to shipping in the Strait of Hormuz effectively closed the waterway, causing global economic shocks. After negotiations between Tehran and Washington, Iran eased restrictions, but traffic remains well below pre-war levels. Iran's demonstrated ability to shut the strait increases incentives for countries to reduce reliance. Experts analyze adaptation strategies including new pipelines, road and rail links, and port developments by Gulf states."