Iranian Anti-Access/Area Denial Tactics and Maritime Security Risks (warontherocks.com)

• A2/AD forces define transit zones as active combat environments.
• Asymmetric threats are driving up global shipping costs.
• Strategic friction in the Persian Gulf limits US power projection capabilities.

"Iran's Anti-Access and Area Denial (A2/AD) strategy increasingly threatens US power projection and regional maritime stability. While less technologically sophisticated than China's model, Iran's approach successfully turns entry points into immediate combat zones. The disruption of shipping lanes and persistent missile threats underscore that the 'path to the battlefield' is now a primary front. This poses systemic risks to energy security and logistics, forcing a re-evaluation of military deployment doctrines in the Persian Gulf."