Russian aggression against Ukraine reshapes European security order (defence24.com)

• Russia's aggression ends the post-Cold War security order; Budapest Memorandum violated
• NATO and EU become key security guarantors; UN and OSCE weakened
• Hybrid threats (cyber, disinformation) increase; Baltic states particularly vulnerable
• Return to deterrence: higher defense spending and sustained support for Ukraine required

"Russia's aggression against Ukraine since 2014 and the full-scale invasion in February 2022 have ended the post-Cold War security order in Europe. The 1994 Budapest Memorandum, by which Russia guaranteed Ukraine's sovereignty, was violated. NATO and the EU have become the primary security pillars, while the UN and OSCE are hampered by veto powers and the consensus principle. Hybrid threats such as cyberattacks and disinformation are increasing, particularly targeting Central and Eastern European states, especially the Baltic region. Continued military support for Ukraine and increased European defense spending are emphasized."