Italy's Meloni raises critical minerals dependency at NATO summit (decode39.com)

• Meloni distributed dependency charts to all 32 NATO members at Ankara summit.
• China controls >70% of gallium, graphite, tungsten production; 88% rare earth refining.
• Italy links supply-chain vulnerabilities to NATO security beyond defense spending.

"At the NATO summit in Ankara, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni distributed charts to all 32 member states detailing Western vulnerabilities in critical minerals, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizers. She highlighted that China dominates production of six of the twelve defense-critical raw materials, controlling over 70% of gallium, graphite, and tungsten, and 88% of global rare earth refining. The intervention positions Italy's critical minerals diplomacy within transatlantic security debates."