European Photovoltaics: Dependencies and Remaining Strengths in the Supply Chain (heise.de)

• Europe has lost most of the PV value chain, especially for wafers, cells, and standard modules.
• Strengths exist in inverters, system peripherals, polysilicon, and mechanical engineering.
• EU plans protective mechanisms, current focus on inverters.

"This article analyzes where Germany and Europe still have industrial strength in photovoltaics and where dependency on China is nearly complete. While dependency on China is huge for wafers, cells, and standard modules, strengths remain in inverters, system peripherals, polysilicon, and mechanical engineering. EU countries are working on protective mechanisms, especially for inverters."