European Software and Cyber Dependencies: European Parliament Study (europarl.europa.eu)

• US dominance in cloud, ERP, CRM, and AI software in the EU
• Strategic vulnerabilities for critical infrastructure, especially energy
• Options: sovereign cloud, open source, stronger regulation, procurement

"A study by the ITRE committee maps the EU's dependence on non-EU software, especially US providers, and identifies strategic vulnerabilities. It analyzes risks to cybersecurity, the economy, and digital sovereignty, and proposes policy options to bolster technological autonomy."