Valerii Zaluzhnyi argues Ukraine's war experience cannot be directly applied as NATO doctrine (defence24.com)

• Zaluzhnyi draws on Ukraine's full spectrum of war experience.
• Warns against mechanical application of lessons to NATO.
• Calls for country-specific adaptation of doctrine.

"Ukraine's former commander-in-chief Valerii Zaluzhnyi published a reflection in NV emphasizing that the lessons from Ukraine's war against Russia, including the hidden phase, localized conflict, and full-scale invasion, should not be mechanically copied into NATO doctrine. He stresses that while Ukraine's experience is valuable, each NATO country must adapt to its own strategic context. The article underscores the gap between lived wartime experience and formal alliance doctrine."